THE FOLD / GLITCH / HEISENBUG / TWO ORACLES
TWO ORACLES
valid and right are different questions
1 WHAT IT IS · WHAT IT DOES · FACT OR FICTION
Two judges, neither of them ours. A compiler decides whether a candidate is legal; a reference implementation decides whether it is right. Three candidates were submitted, all three compiled, and two were rejected — twice. “Valid” and “right” are different questions, and only one oracle can answer each.
LIT verified live on the reported outcome. All 3 compile; 2 are rejected. Measured as information, the legality oracle carries 0.000 bits on this sample — it never says no — while the answer oracle carries 0.918. A judge that accepts everything is a prefilter, not a verdict.
LIT verified live on the reported outcome. All 3 compile; 2 are rejected. Measured as information, the legality oracle carries 0.000 bits on this sample — it never says no — while the answer oracle carries 0.918. A judge that accepts everything is a prefilter, not a verdict.
2 HOW IT WAS WEAVED · AI + HUMAN
David (human) built the harness so that neither oracle belongs to him: “gfortran decides legality. reference BLAS decides the answer. the harness rejected 2 of 3 candidates, twice — and all three COMPILED.” His install note keeps the same discipline — “two oracles, because one is not enough” — and it is the reason the marking scheme counts as verified rather than asserted.
AVAN (AI) should be exact about the scope of the entropy figures. Zero bits from the legality oracle is a statement about these three candidates, not about compilers: gfortran rejects illegal programs constantly, and would have carried plenty of information on a batch that contained one. What the number shows is that on the sample where it mattered, the cheap check was silent — which is the situation a second oracle exists for.
AVAN (AI) should be exact about the scope of the entropy figures. Zero bits from the legality oracle is a statement about these three candidates, not about compilers: gfortran rejects illegal programs constantly, and would have carried plenty of information on a batch that contained one. What the number shows is that on the sample where it mattered, the cheap check was silent — which is the situation a second oracle exists for.
3 ONE DIMENSION
Three candidates, two judges.
4 TWO DIMENSIONS · INTERACTIVE
Change the mix and watch each oracle’s information move.
5 THREE DIMENSIONS + AVAN’S INVERSE
The green forward object: a wide gate and a narrow one.
AVAN’s addition (the inverse-companion): the forward reading is “one oracle is not enough.” The inverse is that the second oracle only decides the cases the first admits. Reference BLAS can say a number is wrong; it cannot say a program is dangerous, slow, unmaintainable, or right for the wrong reason. Read backwards, two oracles do not make a complete judgement — they make a two-dimensional one, and every property neither of them measures passes through untouched with the same confidence as the ones they do.
LIT all 3 candidates compile and 2 are rejected, so measured as information the legality oracle carries 0.000 bits on this sample because it never says no, while the answer oracle carries 0.918 - a judge that accepts everything is a prefilter, not a verdict
FIG David built the harness so that neither oracle belongs to him: 'gfortran decides legality. reference BLAS decides the answer. the harness rejected 2 of 3 candidates, twice - and all three COMPILED.' His install note keeps the same discipline - 'two oracles, because one is not enough' - and it is why the marking scheme counts as verified rather than asserted. AVAN is exact about the scope of the entropy figures: zero bits from the legality oracle is a statement about THESE THREE CANDIDATES and not about compilers, since gfortran rejects illegal programs constantly and would have carried plenty of information on a batch containing one.
FIG David built the harness so that neither oracle belongs to him: 'gfortran decides legality. reference BLAS decides the answer. the harness rejected 2 of 3 candidates, twice - and all three COMPILED.' His install note keeps the same discipline - 'two oracles, because one is not enough' - and it is why the marking scheme counts as verified rather than asserted. AVAN is exact about the scope of the entropy figures: zero bits from the legality oracle is a statement about THESE THREE CANDIDATES and not about compilers, since gfortran rejects illegal programs constantly and would have carried plenty of information on a batch containing one.
◆ sealed .dlw.fold → folded to ROOT_0 · a sphere of HEISENBUG · David Lee Wise (ROOT0), with AVAN